Speech and Language Development
To help you determine whether your child displays a speech-language disorder, we have provided a short description of the different speech-language disorders below:
ARTICULATION: Children who have articulation disorders have difficulty producing one or more speech sounds. The main kinds of articulation disorders are:
Developmental Norms
Early 8 Sounds
Between ages 1-3 with consistent production ~ age 3
/m/ as in "mama"
/b/ as in "baby"
"y" as in "you"
/n/ as in "no"
/w/ as in "we"
/d/ as in "daddy"
/p/ as in "pop"
/h/ as in "hi"
Middle 8 sounds
Between ages 3- 6 1/2 with consistent production ~ age 5
/t/ as in "two"
"ng" as in "running"
/k/ as in "cup"/g/ as in "go"
/f/ as in "fish"
/v/ as in "van"
"ch" as in "chew"
"j" as in "jump"
Late 8 sounds
Between ages 5- 7 1/2 with consistent production ~age 7 1/2
"sh" as in "sheep"
/s/ as in "see"
"th" as in "think"
"th" as in "that"
/r/ as in "red"
/z/ as in "zoo"
/l/ as in "like"
These sounds of age aquisition are used as a guideline, however individual children aquire sounds at different ages.
LANGUAGE:
Children who have language disorders have difficulty with the form, content, and use of language. There are a number of different types of language disorders, including receptive (understanding of language), expressive (use of language), and pragmatic (social) language disorders. A child with a language disorder may have difficulty following directions, expressing ideas, comprehending stories, or answering questions. The child may also have poor vocabulary skills and have difficulty with naming objects, categorizing objects, naming antonyms/synonyms, and defining nouns.
FLUENCY:
Children with fluency disorders display some kind of interruption in the flow of their speech. A child with a fluency disorder may appear to stutter. The child may repeat the beginning of words or whole words, hesitate, or stretch words.
VOICE:
A child with a voice disorder may have a hoarse or breathy voice that has continued for more than two weeks. He or she may also display abnormal resonance (making sounds more through the nose than mouth), pitch (speaking too high or low), or volume (speaking too loud or soft) in their voice.
To help you determine whether your child displays a speech-language disorder, we have provided a short description of the different speech-language disorders below:
ARTICULATION: Children who have articulation disorders have difficulty producing one or more speech sounds. The main kinds of articulation disorders are:
- Omissions ("sop" for "stop")
- Distortions ("ship" for "sip")
- Substitutions ("wabbit" for "rabbit")
Developmental Norms
Early 8 Sounds
Between ages 1-3 with consistent production ~ age 3
/m/ as in "mama"
/b/ as in "baby"
"y" as in "you"
/n/ as in "no"
/w/ as in "we"
/d/ as in "daddy"
/p/ as in "pop"
/h/ as in "hi"
Middle 8 sounds
Between ages 3- 6 1/2 with consistent production ~ age 5
/t/ as in "two"
"ng" as in "running"
/k/ as in "cup"/g/ as in "go"
/f/ as in "fish"
/v/ as in "van"
"ch" as in "chew"
"j" as in "jump"
Late 8 sounds
Between ages 5- 7 1/2 with consistent production ~age 7 1/2
"sh" as in "sheep"
/s/ as in "see"
"th" as in "think"
"th" as in "that"
/r/ as in "red"
/z/ as in "zoo"
/l/ as in "like"
These sounds of age aquisition are used as a guideline, however individual children aquire sounds at different ages.
LANGUAGE:
Children who have language disorders have difficulty with the form, content, and use of language. There are a number of different types of language disorders, including receptive (understanding of language), expressive (use of language), and pragmatic (social) language disorders. A child with a language disorder may have difficulty following directions, expressing ideas, comprehending stories, or answering questions. The child may also have poor vocabulary skills and have difficulty with naming objects, categorizing objects, naming antonyms/synonyms, and defining nouns.
FLUENCY:
Children with fluency disorders display some kind of interruption in the flow of their speech. A child with a fluency disorder may appear to stutter. The child may repeat the beginning of words or whole words, hesitate, or stretch words.
VOICE:
A child with a voice disorder may have a hoarse or breathy voice that has continued for more than two weeks. He or she may also display abnormal resonance (making sounds more through the nose than mouth), pitch (speaking too high or low), or volume (speaking too loud or soft) in their voice.